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Router is a host or node with multiple interfaces to the network. It works at the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI model. It acts like traffic in a busy road showing the path to destination to each packet that arrives at it. Router can distinguish packet by source and destination address and by protocol type. The ability to distinguish packets by protocol can be used to add security to the network by configuring the router such that it drops the packets using particular type of protocol (termed packet filtering). For e.g. not allow packets using FTP (File Transfer Protocol). Routers can dynamically gather information about other devices and routers in the network and determine the shortest path for a packet using special algorithms. Routers can be separate hardware or a computer with special network software installed in it .For every packet that arrives at a router it takes following procedures for that packet:

  1. Send the packet to destination if it is directly accessible
  2. Send it to another router if the path for the packet seems to be best through that router
  3. Send it to another router if the path for the packet seems to be best through that router

Advantages of Routers:

  1. It can connect different networks using different physical media and architecture.
  2. It can determine the best path for every packet.
  3. It can reduce network traffic and bandwidth consumption by dropping invalid packets.
  4. It can add to network security by packet filtering.

Disadvantages of router:

  1. It doesn’t work with protocols that are not routable.
  2. As they perform complex calculations on packets, they are slower than bridge.
  3. It is expensive than bridge or repeater.

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